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Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Rubiaceae Genus: Psychotria

kōpiko

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Small trees up to 8 m tall.

Stems: Young branches yellowish to grayish brown.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades obovate, oblanceolate, elliptic–oblong, or occasionally suborbicular, 2–12.6 cm long, 1.1–7.3 cm wide. Apex obtuse to rounded. Base acute to truncate or rounded. Surfaces glabrous or occasionally puberulent or hirtellous, particularly along veins, chartaceous, domatia usually absent. Margins entire. Lateral veins 5–11 pairs, tertiary veins often forming a conspicuous network. Petioles 0.4–1.2 cm long. Stipules obovate or deltate–obovate, up to 6 mm long.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences with verticillate branching, branches up to 18 mm long, always shorter on the upper node, each branch usually terminated by a 3–flowered cymule, peduncles (0.5–)1–5 cm long, lateral flowers of each cymule with small pedicels and the central one sessile. Flowers insect-pollinated, unisexual, 4–5-merous, usually heterostylous. Calyx 3–3.5 mm long, 4-6-lobed, hirsute, often densely so, with long, white hairs, truncate at apex or with acute lobes, tube usually shorter than hypanthium. Corolla white, 4-6-lobed, tube 2–3 mm long at anthesis, somewhat expanded toward apex, throat glabrous, the lobes usually thick and fleshy, spreading, ovate, 3–5 mm long, often hirsute at apex and along dorsal or outer surface; nectary disk present at apex of ovary. Stamens as many as and alternate with the corolla lobes; filaments of staminate flowers 1–2 mm long, inserted on the corolla tube or throat; anthers attached at the base, exserted at anthesis in functionally staminate flowers, elliptic–oblong or ovate–oblong, 0.7–1 mm long, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior, occasionally partly so, or very rarely superior, 2–celled; ovules 1 per cell, erect, placentation basal, anatropous; 2–2.5 mm long at anthesis; style as many as carpels, 2–3 mm long, terminal, slender; stigmas 2, divaricate, lobed or capitate, 0.7–1.1 mm long, often hirsute or pubescent, dry or occasionally wet.

Fruit: Fruit ellipsoid–pyriform; 12–18 mm long; with persistent calyx; sometimes with the persistent and expanded disk protruding; pyrenes 1-2(-4); hemispherical in cross section; endocarp usually thick and hard. Seeds 1 per pyrene; usually conforming to the form of the pyrene; seed coat thin; invaginated on the ventral or inner face into a T-shape in cross section; endosperm otherwise not ruminate; carnose; the embryo small with flat; thin cotyledons; seeds with well-developed oily endosperm; or endosperm occasionally scanty or absent.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in mesic to occasionally dry forest; Wai'anae Mountains; O'ahu.

Elevation Range: 360–940 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1165 (O)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Waianae Kai Trail, Near the Hesperomannia population familiar to botanists; site has a 10 m. Cheirodendron-Metrosideros canopy Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 11 Oahu BISH 1983-12-11
2 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi SE Makua Valley, opposite Piko trail hanging forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20736 Oahu BISH 1950-09-17
3 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Mokuleia, near Pahole Gulch Partly forested slope. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20653 Oahu BISH 1950-05-07
4 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Waianae Range; Waianae Kai Trail, steep S-exposed slope on way to ridge Cloud forest w/Metrosideros, Hedyotis terminalis, Psychotria ssp. & Acacia koa. Preserved_Specimen Treelet ca. 3 m tall; flwrs white; unripe frt green; leaf veins translucent. Kiehn, M. 90092315 Oahu BISH 1990-09-23
5 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi E Pahole Gulch, Waianae Mts., Waialua, spur dry; Diospyros, Schinus, Myrsine Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 1310 Oahu BISH 1976-06-15
6 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi W branch, E Makaleha valley, Mokuleia, Waianae Mts Diospyros ferrea; dry Preserved_Specimen 20' x 4 tree Hatheway, W.H. 389 Oahu BISH 1950-09-30
7 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Puu Hapapa, summit ridge windswept shrubby forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21002 Oahu BISH 1950-10-22
8 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Waianae Range; Waianae Kai Trail, steep S-exposed slope on way to ridge Cloud forest w/Metrosideros, Hedyotis terminalis, Psychotria ssp. & Acacia koa. Preserved_Specimen Tree ca. 3 m tall; flwrs white; unripe frt green. Kiehn, M. 90092312 Oahu BISH 1990-09-23
9 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi N. fork of valley E of Palikea, Waianae Mts., Honouliuli Wooded stream bank Preserved_Specimen Bushy tree 15 ft. ; flowers white St.John, H. 10360 Oahu BISH 1930-02-23
10 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi N Kaala forested Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20079 Oahu BISH 1949-07-10
11 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Waianae Mts., unnamed peak between Puu Hapapa and Puu Kanehoa; Along trail following ridge to peak Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1138 Oahu BISH 1968-06-17
12 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Puu Kapu wet forest Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1593 Oahu BISH 1931-02-12
13 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Waianae Mts., Honouliuli, Puu Kana, S. fork Ekahanui Gulch Wooded ridge Preserved_Specimen Tree 8 m. x 15 cm. St.John, H. 18677 Oahu BISH 1938-02-27
14 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Makua, S.E. part, steep side Woods - steep side Preserved_Specimen Tree 8 m. x 20 cm. St.John, H. 17662 Oahu BISH 1936-12-06
15 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Kaawa-Kamokunui Ridge, Mokuleia Metrosideros Forest Acacia Preserved_Specimen Grant, M.L. 7025 Oahu BISH 1934-07-11
16 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Waianae Range, Pahole Forest Reserve, Mokuleia trail Not rare. Dry area after first major gulch. Preserved_Specimen Tree to 4 m., sec. Venation of leaves translucent, flower white, peduncles hairy. Takahama, T. 99090149 Oahu BISH 1999-09-01
17 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Ewa District Pualii gulch, near Pohakea pass; degraded Acacia koa - Metrosideros mesic forest with Aleurites moluccana, Xylosma hawaiiense, Myrsine lessertiana, urera glabra, Antidesma playtyphylla, Charpentiera obovata, Planchonella sandwicensis, Pisonia, Pipturus albidus, Tectaria gaudichaudi Preserved_Specimen small tree 4m ht with flowers & fruit Perlman, S. 23560 Oahu BISH 2013-06-20
18 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Kamaileunu Riodge On crestline - a local codominatn with Pelea cinereops Preserved_Specimen 10 ft. tree Takeuchi, W.N. 2116 Oahu BISH 1985-03-31
19 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi SE Pahole Gulch, Waianae Mts., Waialua, spur Pisonia, Canthium, Myrsine Preserved_Specimen flower sessile; calyx hirsute, lobes broadly deltoid, thickened at tip, 1.5 mm, tube 2.5 mm; corolla hirsute, lobes thickened at tip, 5 mm, tube 2 mm Nagata, K.M. 1779 Oahu BISH 1978-09-14
20 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Kaala, top of cliffs overlooking Makaleha With Pelea #2336 in local concentration of Metrosideros tremuloides Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2335 Oahu BISH 1985-07-21
21 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Ridge to the Kaua-Ekahanui summit divide, at head of secondary gully system radiating towards Pohakea Pass In densely shaded, litter covered understory Preserved_Specimen 10 ft. shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 2078 Oahu BISH 1985-03-10
22 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Upper reaches of Manini Gulch In streambed with Pittosporum #2312 and Charpentiera #2311 Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2313 Oahu BISH 1985-07-14
23 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Waianae Kai, trail to Kaala In Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen An 8 ft. individual Takeuchi, W.N. 2114 Oahu BISH 1985-03-31
24 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi 1/2 km. from Mauna Kapu on ridge top enroute to Palikea. Along the crest trail from Mauna Kapu to Mt. Pakikea, Waianae Range On ridge top Preserved_Specimen ca. 5 m. Hutchison, P.C. 2811 Oahu BISH 1965-05-16
25 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Head of Kukuiala Gulch (ist. from W. end), Mokuleia, Mokuleia Forest Reserve Open woods near main divide Preserved_Specimen Tree 20 ft. x 6 in. St.John, H. 14076 Oahu BISH 1934-02-04
26 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Ekahanui gulch On talus rock, growing with Euphorbia forbesii (a rare sp. with ca. 8 shrubs counted), Claoxylon sandwicense (an S layer dominant), Alectryon (rare canopy element), Pipturus albidus and Urera glabra (common) Preserved_Specimen 10 ft. + shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 2077 Oahu BISH 1985-03-10
27 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi SE Kaala, Schofield fire break trail Acacia koa, Metrosideros polymorpha; moist Preserved_Specimen 12' x 8 tree; flower creamy white Hatheway, W.H. 220 Oahu BISH 1950-06-11
28 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Waianae Mts., Honouliuli, Puu Kana, S. fork Ekahanui Gulch Wooded ridge Preserved_Specimen Tree 8 m. x 15 cm. St.John, H. 18677 Oahu BISH 1938-02-27
29 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Near Makua Rim Seasonally dry slopes; spatially restricted to remanant pockets of native forest Preserved_Specimen 3 m. shrub with gnarled stem Takeuchi, W.N. 3209 Oahu BISH 1987-01-01
30 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Makaha Valley, Waianae Kai FR dry; under Eugenia Preserved_Specimen Obata, J.K. 85574 Oahu BISH 1985-07-14
31 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Kaluaa drainage basin; gully near Puu Hapapa In mesic forest with Streblus, Planchonella, and Aleurites Preserved_Specimen 8-10 ft. individual Takeuchi, W.N. 2511 Oahu BISH 1985-10-13
32 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Kuaokala Forest Reserve below access road Moist gully; growing with Pleomele and Diospyros ner collection Waianae_94 Preserved_Specimen 8 - 9 ft. individual Takeuchi, W.N. 98 Oahu BISH 1984-03-08
33 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Waianae Mts., unnamed peak between Puu Hapapa and Puu Kanehoa; Along trail following ridge to peak Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1139 Oahu BISH 1968-06-17
34 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Kuaokala, upper reaches of Manini Gulch Arid Styphelia dominated slopes growing with Rauvolfia sandwicensis, Bonamia menziesii, and Viola tracheliifolia Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2314 Oahu BISH 1985-07-14
35 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Waianae Mts, Makaleha Valley, W side of gulches off Kaala rd at culvert 32 and 33A In Acacia koa-Metrosideros lowland mesic forest with Pouteria, Pittosporum, Rauvolfia, Ochrosia, Eugenia reinwardtiana, Nestegis, Pteralyxia, Schinus, Flueggea, Hibiscus, Alectryon, Isodendrion. Preserved_Specimen With flowers. Perlman, S. 6299 Oahu BISH 1987-08-13
36 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Puu Kanehoa, side of E. ridge, Waianae Mts., Honouliuli Moist Woods Preserved_Specimen Tree 7 m. x 12 cm; flowers white St.John, H. 14049 Oahu BISH 1934-01-07
37 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Kawaihapai, SE of Nike station forest Preserved_Specimen 15' tree, erect, twiggy Degener, O. 27981 Oahu BISH 1962-05-06
38 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Puu Kaala, NE slope, above Waialua, on the DuPonte ridge trail Wet forest on steep slope Preserved_Specimen Tree 25 ft. tall; branching usu. dichotomous; fls. white; fruits dull woody brown (or green) Stone, B.C. 3186 Oahu BISH 1959-12-20
39 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Puu Kapu Rain forest Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1578 Oahu BISH 1931-02-12
40 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Kaluaa, central ridge In Ohia forest with uluhe understory Preserved_Specimen 7 ft. tree Takeuchi, W.N. 2037 Oahu BISH 1985-03-03
41 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Mokuleia-Makua Divide, Mokuleia Forest Reserve, Waianue Mts Rain forest Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3 m. tall St.John, H. 12236 Oahu BISH 1932-11-25
42 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Waianae Mountains, Keawaula, the L-shaped Gulch, south slope, below prominant rock on subridge Preserved_Specimen Tree 3 m. tall, solitary, on a bluff in xeric forest. Lau, J. 2672 Oahu BISH 1986-07-27
43 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Waianae Range W. of Schofield Barracks, in Kaluaa Gulch. 1st. gully N. of trail leading Puu Kanehoa Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6002 Oahu BISH 1969-08-27
44 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Waianae Range, Waianae Kai trail, loop trail (right side when seen from below) Preserved_Specimen Single tree; tree to 3 m., young fruits with prominent calyx. Imada, C. 99090613 Oahu BISH 1999-09-06
45 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Puu Kaua-Kanehoa, ridge, above Kunia Camp, Waianae Mts Preserved_Specimen 15-20' tree Pearsall, G.A. 507 Oahu BISH 1960-05-19
46 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Waianae Mountains; Waianae Kai, Mt. Kaala Natural Area Reserve, trail to Mt. Kaala, western edge of trail extending from lookout point half way to summit of Mt. Kaala Preserved_Specimen Sprawling shrub; 1-2 m tall; flrs white. Nepokroeff, M. 801 Oahu BISH 1993-07-10
47 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Waianae Range, Waianae Kai trail, loop trail (right side when seen from below) Preserved_Specimen Single tree; tree to 3 m., young fruits with prominent calyx. Imada, C. 99090613 Oahu BISH 1999-09-06
48 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi N Kaala, Dupont trail Preserved_Specimen Hatheway, W.H. 205 Oahu BISH 1950-03-12
49 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Nuuanu Pali Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2193 Oahu BISH 1895-10-29
50 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Waianae Mts., between Mauna Kapu and Palikea Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 611209022 Oahu BISH 1961-12-09
51 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Waianae Range, Waianae Kai trail, loop trail, ridge at powerline towers Preserved_Specimen Tree to 4 m. Imada, C. 99090622 Oahu BISH 1999-09-06
52 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Mauna Kapu-Palikea Preserved_Specimen Small tree 8' ht in company w/ Dubautia & Metrosideros at base of steep incline. Lvs variable, to 11 cm, slightly pubescent below, caudate. Peduncle 10 cm, drooping, pubescent. Corolla glabrous, 4-5 lobed. Calyx hispid. Nagata, K.M. 864 Oahu BISH 1971-07-14
53 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi East Makaleha Valley Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1126 Oahu BISH 1968-06-07
54 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Waianae Kai Forest Reserve, crest of ridge near Puu Kawiwi Preserved_Specimen 8 ft. shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 103 Oahu BISH 1984-04-22
55 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Makaha Valley Preserved_Specimen Pearsall, G.A. Oahu BISH 1954-10-21
56 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Waianae Kai/Makaha rim Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 704 Oahu BISH 1991-05-05
57 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Right hand branch Makaleha Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17323 Oahu BISH 1918-04-01
58 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Kaluaa Gulch (Lihue), above Schofield, between Puu Kanehoa and Puu Hapapa Preserved_Specimen Hutchison, P.C. 7379 Oahu BISH 1967-07-23
59 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Makaha Valley, Waianae Mts Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-02-12
60 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Manini Valley, Kaena section Preserved_Specimen Swezey, O.H. Oahu BISH 1934-09-25
61 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Kealia, Waianae Mts Preserved_Specimen 25-foot tree in wooded gully. Flowers white, pubescent. Hosaka, E.Y. 1315 Oahu BISH 1936-02-02
62 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi East branch of East Makaleha Valley Forested slope on west side. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20686 Oahu BISH 1950-07-04
63 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Kaneohe, below main ridge Preserved_Specimen Hume, E.P. 129 Oahu BISH 1931-03-22
64 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Oahu Preserved_Specimen Spence, G. 179 Oahu BISH 1973-07-23
65 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Kaaikukae Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1929-10-01
66 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Kaeleku, W branch, trail Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1933-06-01
67 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Kupehau, Honouluili Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1933-05-12
68 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Kaaikukae Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1929-06-01
69 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Right hand branch Makaleha Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17323 Oahu BISH 1918-04-01
70 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Mokuleia Trail, Waianae Mts., NW of Mt. Kaala, behind Mokuleia town - W of Makaleha Gulch, Mokuleia. Loganiaceae - Orange tree valley Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 2764 Oahu BISH 1959-04-27
71 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Makaleha Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 355 Oahu BISH 1990-05-20
72 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Waianae Kai/Makaha rim Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 703 Oahu BISH 1991-05-05
73 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Straussia near mariniana Gray, Waianae Mts., betw. Puu Kaua & Kanehoa peak, 100+yards. below main ridge, abouve Kunia Camp, with native shrubs & trees Preserved_Specimen Pearsall, G.A. 491 Oahu BISH 1960-04-24
74 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Waianae Mts., Puu Hapapa Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 620401127 Oahu BISH 1962-04-01
75 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Kapuna Gulch, below Mokuleia Trail Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 694 Oahu BISH 1991-05-04
76 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Waianae Mts., Kaluaa ridge, Kanehoa to Hapapa Preserved_Specimen Bishop, B. Oahu BISH 1963-08-03
77 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Mokuleia FR, trail Preserved_Specimen Landgraf, M.F. Oahu BISH 1967-05-01
78 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Kaala, Waianae Mts., Makaleha ridge Preserved_Specimen Meebold, A. Oahu BISH 1932-06-01
79 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Makua Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1930-05-01
80 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Waianae Mts., S of Kolekole Pass, ridge to main ridge Preserved_Specimen Kerr, M. Oahu BISH 1945-10-28
81 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi W Pahole Gulch, Waianae Mts Schinus, Pisonia Preserved_Specimen 15' x 4 tree Nagata, K.M. 1158 Oahu BISH 1973-06-17
82 Psychotria hathewayi var. hathewayi Kuaokala, below Ochrosia #2296 Arid gully slopes with Tetraplasandra, Planchonella, and Coprosma Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2308 Oahu BISH 1985-07-14
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